000			03327nam a22002657a 4500
003			KE-MeUCS
005			20250325103849.0
008			250217b xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a0000
040			_cKE-MeUCS _dKE-MeUCS
050			_aTD426.8.M8 2024
100			_aMuthue, Pauline Ngonyo
110			_aMeru University of Science and Technology _99593
111			_aMasters thesis
245			_aAssessment of microbial quality of borehole water at source, households and proximity to pit latrines in Ekalakala ward, Machakos county, Kenya : _ba thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the conferment of the degree of Master of Science in Sanitation of Meru University of Science and Technology / _cPauline Ngonyo Muthue
260			_aMeru: _bPauline Ngonyo Muthue, _c2024.
300			_axii, 104p.
504			_aIncludes bibliographic references
520			_aQuality of drinking water is very vital to public health. Diarrhea can be caused by poor hygiene practices, inadequate sanitary action and unsafe drinking water. Globally, 1,000 children die annually due to controllable sanitation - related diarrhea diseases. Furthermore, Africa has been classified as the leading continent in cholera disease due to lack of access to safe clean water and basic sanitation. Kenya is a water scarce country leading to drilling of many boreholes in the country. Almost all the households in Ekalakala ward in Machakos County used borehole water for various activities. This study aimed to determine microbial quality of borehole water and proximity to pit latrines in Ekalakala ward, Machakos County. Mixed methods research design was adopted. The total coliforms were determined using plate count enumeration. The most probable number (MPN) method was used to identify faecal coliforms (Escherichia. coli). Other targeted organisms included Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella spp and were isolated using thiosulfate citrate bile salts and deoxycholate citrate agar respectively. Biochemical test was done on the three microorganisms using the following tests, triple sugar iron, sulphide indole motility, urease test, Simon’s citrate and motility indole urease. The results from coliform forming units indicated high number of bacteria coliforms at 171.3 CFU/100 ml of water. MPN showed that most of the samples were contaminated with faecal coliforms with a mean value of 171.3 MPN/100 ml of water. The results from biochemical tests confirmed the presence of 55% Escherichia coli, 40% Salmonella spp and 55% Vibrio cholerae in both borehole and household water samples. The proximity of boreholes to pit latrines was assessed using a checklist and confirmed that there was moderate positive correlation of (r) = 0.45. Borehole water in Ekalakala ward was contaminated with bacterial coliforms, faecal coliforms and pit latrine proximity was not a big threat to microbial borehole water contamination. Water treatment before use in addition to, education on proper water storage methods by community of health providers should be emphasized.
650			_aWells; Microbiology
650			_aBoreholes; Microbial quality
650			_aMicrobial quality; Boreholes
650			_aMicrobial quality; Boreholes- proximity to pit latrines-Ekalakala ward, Machakos county, Kenya :
942			_2lcc _cTH _tSK
999			_c88601 _d88600