03829nam a22001937a 4500 KE-MeUCS 20260327131143.0 260327b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d KE-MeUCS RA567.5.M3 2025 Maina, Joseph Irungu Influence of Gender in Toilet Access, Use and Maintenance On Performance of Shared Sanitation Facilities in Nanyuki Slums, Kenya/ Joseph Irungu Maina Meru: Meru University of Science and Technology, 2025. ixiv,131p. Includes Appendices and References ABSTACT The Sustainable Development Goals agenda 6 emphasizes on sanitation access alongside gender equality as a transformative strategy to improved sanitation. However, with the serious health consequences of poor sanitation, it is essential to understand the gender related factors associated with ability to access, utilize and maintain shared sanitation facilities in slums. This study aimed at examining the influence of gender in toilet access, use and maintenance on performance of shared sanitation facilities in Nanyuki slums. A convergent research design was used and a sample of 98 participants calculated using Yamane’s formula. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires from household heads who were selected using cluster and simple random sampling techniques. The number of household heads per cluster was determined using proportionate-to-size formula. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 in descriptive and inferential statistics to unveil relationship between variables. Qualitative data was collected using focus group discussion guides from a purposively selected group. The data was analyzed using the MAXQDA software in themes and presented in a narrative way. Findings revealed that females were the most users of toilets compared to men (adjusted OR=1.14, 95% CI: 0.05-1.92, P=0.009<0.05) because they were left at their households due to commitments of carrying out household chores when men could use toilets in their places of work. Toilets were 0.76 times less acceptable and 0.75 less preferable for females than for males. Toilet location far from households, use of toilets at night for females, access to toilets with gapped super structures, unsafe and contaminated toilets significantly reduced the odds of toilet use (P<0.05). Adequacy of toilets (adjusted OR 4.95, 95% CI: 0.98-4.40, p= 0.032<0.05), and ability to meet user needs (adjusted OR 5.73, 95% CI: 0.70-4.15, p= <0.001) increased the chances of use of shared toilets. The odds for preference of toilets significantly increased by 4.95 and 2.09 when toilets adequately addressed user needs and when they were separated by gender respectively (p<0.05). The odds of preference to toilets whose pit content depth was less than 1 meter was 15% lower than when pit contents were lower. In toilets where women took cleaning roles, the chances of hygiene increased by 1.83 compared to when men took the roles. Unavailability of toilet cleaning materials seemed to have a negative impact on the hygiene of shared toilets (adjusted OR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.10-2.96, p= 0.003<0.05). The study concluded that sanitation was among the critical issues that affected slum dwellers and its impact was disproportional to gender. The study recommended the need for provision of gender segregated data in sanitation service delivery, strengthening the role of women, need for advocacy, community cohesion and gender mainstreaming in sanitation policies to promote gender-responsive sanitation facilities in slums lcc TH MMS 93740 93739 0 0 lcc 0 0 CPL CPL PER 2026-03-26 DO 0.00 MMS 0 RA567.5.M3 2025 26-39331 2026-03-27 13:12:13 2026-03-27 TH