Evaluation of Kenyan Clay and Kunkur Fines for Utilization in Production of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement/ (Record no. 88394)

MARC details
000 -LEADER
fixed length control field 04305nam a22002057a 4500
003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER
control field KE-MeUCS
005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION
control field 20231031094415.0
008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION
fixed length control field 230525b xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER
International Standard Book Number
040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE
Transcribing agency KE-MeUCS
Modifying agency KE-MeUCS
050 ## - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CALL NUMBER
Classification number QD39.5 .M8 2023
100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME
Personal name Kiptoo,Victor Mutai
245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT
Title Evaluation of Kenyan Clay and Kunkur Fines for Utilization in Production of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement/
Statement of responsibility, etc Victor Kiptoo Mutai
260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT)
Place of publication, distribution, etc Meru,
Name of publisher, distributor, etc Victor Kiptoo Mutai,
Date of publication, distribution, etc 2023.
300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Extent xiii,122p.
500 ## - GENERAL NOTE
General note A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for conferment of the degree of master of science in chemistry of Meru University of Science and Technology
501 ## - WITH NOTE
With note Includes references and appendices
520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC.
Summary, etc Concrete is the most utilized construction material globally. 10-15% of the components in concrete are cement. This means that a lot of cement is needed in concrete construction. In Kenya, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) are the most utilized cement. The cost of this cement is considered unaffordable due to the high clinker fraction, its cost, and the energy needed in the manufacturing process. The high cost of cement in Kenya is partly attributed to high tariff charges during the importation of clinker. Besides the high cost of clinker, its production involves emissions of CO2 accounting for about 6-8% of the global anthropogenic CO2. The solution to reduce the cost of cement and CO2 emissions lies within the chemistry of cement. Utilization of pozzolanic material such as limestone and calcined clays has been proposed as a good substitute for a substantial portion of clinker to produce LC3 blended type of cement. One of the ways to lower the cost of cement is by utilizing calcined clays and low-grade limestone which are locally available in the production of cement. LC3 is an eco-friendly cement technology that has the potential to reduce the CO2 emitted to the atmosphere by several hundred millions of tones. It also saves on the cost of production due to lower energy required. In the present study, calcined clays and Kunkur fines the by-products of Kunkur rock used in the clinker production were used to replace limestone in LC3. Its effect on the performance of LC3 was investigated. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique was used to determine the chemical composition of clay, Kunkur fines and limestone and their suitability in LC3. Cement paste and mortar prisms with a mix proportion range of clinker 40-55%, calcined clay 25-40% and kunkur fine 15-25% were cast and cured in water and their compressive strength determined after 2, 7 and 28 days. Mineralogical characteristics of the hydration products were determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Microstructural characteristics of hydration products were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive Xray(SEM-EDX). The hydration kinetics were studied using a semi-adiabatic calorimeter. Gibb's Energy Minimization Software (GEMS) was also used to predict the hydration phases. Clays and Kunkur fines were found to contain kaolinite content. The major content in kunkur fines was determined to be calcite at 68% of the total content. XRD and SEM results showed the presence of hydration products, C3S, C2S C3A, and C4AF up to 28 days. The semi-adiabatic calorimeter results indicated reduced hydration phases for cement blends containing kunkur fines when compared to OPC. On the other hand, GEMS results indicated that the kunkur fines were reactive because of a pozzolanic reaction between the calcite content and alumina present in calcined clay. Cement blends with the composition of clinker and kunkur fines at 41 and 16%, 42 and 26%, and 45 and 18% respectively were observed to have compressive strength in descending order with 41 and 16% having the highest strength. However, a 30% decrease in strength for LC3 blend containing kunkur fines compared to OPC. In conclusion, incorporation of kunkur fines at 15% and calcined clays at 45% in the LC3 system was observed to show highest compressive strength performance comparable to commercial OPC. Durability properties is recommended to be undertaken to determine the suitability of these material in construction.
942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA)
Source of classification or shelving scheme Library of Congress Classification
Koha item type Thesis
Cataloguer John Muthamia
Holdings
Withdrawn status Lost status Source of classification or shelving scheme Damaged status Not for loan Home library Current library Shelving location Date acquired Source of acquisition Cost, normal purchase price Cataloger Total Checkouts Full call number Barcode Date last seen Price effective from Koha item type
    Library of Congress Classification     Meru University Meru University Open Shelves 25/05/2023 Meru University of science and Technology (MUST) 0.00 John Muthamia   QD39.5 .M8 2023 22-36743 25/05/2023 25/05/2023 Thesis

Meru University of Science and Technology | P.O. Box 972-60200 Meru. | Tel 020 2092048 Fax 0208027449 | Email: library@must.ac.ke