Bioprotection of tomatoes against phytophthora infestans and altenaria solani using warburgia ugandensis extract and trichoderma asperellum/ (Record no. 88370)

MARC details
000 -LEADER
fixed length control field 04007nam a22002177a 4500
003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER
control field KE-MeUCS
005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION
control field 20240509153717.0
008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION
fixed length control field 230519b xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER
International Standard Book Number
022 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER
Source
040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE
Transcribing agency KE-MeUCS
Modifying agency KE-MeUCS
050 ## - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CALL NUMBER
Classification number S539.K3 2023
100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME
Personal name Kamau,Waithira Esther
245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT
Title Bioprotection of tomatoes against phytophthora infestans and altenaria solani using warburgia ugandensis extract and trichoderma asperellum/
Statement of responsibility, etc Esther Waithira Kamau
260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT)
Place of publication, distribution, etc Meru;
Name of publisher, distributor, etc Esther Waithira Kamau,
Date of publication, distribution, etc 2023.
300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Extent xiii,318p.
500 ## - GENERAL NOTE
General note A Thesis submitted in partial fullfillment of requirements for conferment of the degree of doctor of philosophy in agricultural science in the Meru University of Science and Technology.
504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE
Bibliography, etc References and Appendices
520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC.
Summary, etc Phytophthora infestans belongs to Kingdom Chromista and is the causal agent of late blight in <br/>tomatoes while Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen causing early blight in tomatoes. Blight is <br/>controlled using chemicals leading to safety challenges. Trichoderma is a soil borne fungi which <br/>has been shown to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is used as a biocontrol agent. <br/>Warburgia ugandensis is an indigenous tree of East and South Africa whose extracts have been <br/>found to have antimicrobial properties especially in the medical field. The main objective of this <br/>research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Warburgia ugandensis in the control of blight <br/>pathogens affecting tomatoes and also the effectiveness of the synergy from Trichoderma <br/>asperellum in controlling blight pathogens. The blight pathogens were isolated from infected <br/>tomatoes in Nchiru, Meru County. Warburgia stem bark sample were processed to obtain crude <br/>extracts using different organic solvents in multiple extraction method. Lyophilization was also <br/>carried out to obtain crude extracts using water. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the <br/>extracts and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Screening of the extracts <br/>and Trichoderma for antimicrobial properties was carried out and the zones of inhibition were <br/>observed and recorded. In vivo studies were carried out in the screen house using lyophilized crude <br/>extract and the disease incidence observed and recorded. Percentage severity index and disease <br/>reduction were calculated. Gradient column chromatography was carried out on the organic crude <br/>extract and the fractions with similar thin layer profiles were pooled together before being <br/>subjected to gas chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), from which the <br/>profiles of the compounds in the extracts were determined. The quantitative data collected and <br/>recorded was analyzed using ANOVA by Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) s and the means <br/>separated using Tukey's tests. All statistical results with P<0.05 were considered to be statistically <br/>significant. Warburgia ugandensis hexane crude extract had the highest mean inhibition zone in <br/>A. solani while methanol crude extract gave the highest mean inhibition zone against P. infestans. <br/>The MIC for A. solani was 1.25mg/ml while for P. infestans was 2.5mg/ml with Warburgia stem <br/>bark lyophilized crude extract. Results of in vivo studies trial 2, showed least disease severity in <br/>the combined treatment with Warburgia and Trichoderma at 27.81% for P. infestans and A. solani. <br/>This was closely comparable with the commercial fungicide which had disease severity of 33.21%. <br/>Warburgia stem bark was found to have different compounds which include terpenes, <br/>sesquiterpenoids, fatty acids derivatives, and phytosterols among others. The results from this <br/>research showed that Warburgia extracts and Trichoderma were effective in the control of blight <br/>pathogens. Further investigation can be carried out on effects of specific Warburgia <br/>phytochemicals in the control of blight pathogens and other phytopathogens.
942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA)
Source of classification or shelving scheme Library of Congress Classification
Koha item type Thesis
Cataloguer John Muthamia
Holdings
Withdrawn status Lost status Source of classification or shelving scheme Damaged status Not for loan Home library Current library Shelving location Date acquired Source of acquisition Cost, normal purchase price Cataloger Total Checkouts Full call number Barcode Date last seen Price effective from Koha item type
    Library of Congress Classification     Meru University Meru University Open Shelves 19/05/2023 Meru University of science and Technology (MUST) 0.00 John Muthamia   S539.K3 2023 22-36720 19/05/2023 19/05/2023 Thesis

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